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初中时态全攻略 提高班

课题:初中时态全攻略动词和现在完成时态

上课时间:2008-10-25 16:30 课时:90分钟

 warm up  :根据实际情况回答下列问题:Oral English

 

动词 
   
下面呢,我们就各个击破。先讲系动词。
  
一   系动词
 
系动词除了be的形式之外,还有become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste等,它们不能单
 
独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词, 名词等) 连用, 如:It smells delicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。
 
delicious 是形容词,不是副词。
  
二  情态动词:
 
首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must和need几乎是每年的必考题,这里我们重点讲一下。
 
must的意思是"应当,必须",侧重于说话者的主观看法,没有时态变化,其否定式是mustn't,在"Must I(we) ...."的疑问句中,须注意的是其否定回答常用needn't。如:Must I go?(我一定要走吗?) No,you needn't.(不,不必。)
   
need意为"需要"。既可作实义动词,又可作情态动词,因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时,need后跟名词,动名词,或不定式。如:I need to go. (我得走了。) 作情态动词时,后跟动词原形。如:You needn't come tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙,明天就不必来了。)
 
 
三    实意动词:
 
我们跑(run),我们跳(jump),我们笑(laugh),这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。
      stop:
When the teacher came in, they stopped to read.
  When the teacher came in, they stopped talking.
  
  forget,remember,regret 这三个词用法基本相同,
如:The light is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。 ( 没有做关灯的动作)   He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
  感官动词:see,watch, notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel 等 +do 表示动作的完整性,真实性 +doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性。如:I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
  
练习:
1. Wang Lin _______some help. Can you help him?
A. needs
   B. want
   C. need to
   D. ask
  2. All of us enjoy _______football very much.
   A. play
   B. playing
   C. played
   D. to play
  3. ---- The light in the classroom is still on.
   ---- OhI forgot___.
   A. turning it off
   B. turn it off
   C. to turn it off
   D. having turned it off
  4. I regret ___ the window.
   A. to do
   B. to be doing
   C. to have done
   D. having broken
  5. His grandparents saw her ___ up from childhood.
   A. grow
   B. grew
   C. was growing
   D. to grow
  6. ---What's this in English?
    ---Sorry, I can't _____it in English.
   A. tell
   B. say
   C. speak
   D. talk
  7. --- _____I finish my homwork today?
    ---No, you needn't.
   A. Can
   B. May
   C. Must
   D. Need
  8. In Spring , the days ______longer and longer, the trees _______green.
   A. get, turn
   B. gets, turns
   C. got, turned
   D. have got, have turned
  9. When the traffic lights are red, you ________stop.
   A. can
   B. must
   C. won't
   D. needn't
  10. When the teacher came into the classroom, I ________to my deskmate.
   A. stopped to talk
   B. stopped talking
   C. stop to talk
   D. stop talking
   
现在完成时
             


  
have/has   + 动词的过去分词

 

1.定义现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成,并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语  
如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用.
2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用

 即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.

               has/have been to   

    have/has gone to
    have/has been in

 

4. 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词

 

英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句

课程信息

课程编号: 8269
课程类别: 中小学网络英语e学堂/第三期

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